Paramount Home Media Looks To May 11 For The DVD Release Of John Wayne 14 Movie Collection

Paramount Home Media has a 14-film collection of classic John Wayne films lined for a DVD release on May 11.

Titled simply the John Wayne 14 Movie Collection, fans are treated to his Oscar-winning performance in director Henry Hathaway’s 1968 film adaptation of the Charles Portis novel, True Grit and his final film performance in 1976, director Don Siegel’s The Shootist.

Other Westerns included in this “essentials” collection are Big Jake (1971, with Richard Boone and Maureen O’Hara), director Howard Hawks’ El Dorado (1966, with Robert Mitchum, James Caan and Charlene Holt), Hondo (1953, Geraldine Page, Ward Bond, James Arness and more), director John Ford’s 1962 Western masterpiece, The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance (co-starring James Stewart, Lee Marvin and Vera Miles), McLintock! (1963, with Maureen O’Hara, Stefanie Powers and Patrick Wayne), Howard Hawks’ 1970 film release of Rio Lobo (with Jennifer O’Neill, Jorge Rivero and Jack Elam) and The Sons of Katie Elder (1965, co-starring Dean Martin, Earl Holliman, Michael Anderson Jr., Dennis Hopper and Martha Hyer).

Rounding out this 14-film collection are Donovan’s Reef (1963, Lee Marvin), The High and the Mighty (1954, co-starring Robert Stack, Claire Trevor, Laraine Day and Jan Sterling), In Harm’s Way (1965, with Kirk Douglas, Patricia Neal) and Island in the Sky (1953, with James Arness, Lloyd Nolan and more).

 

 

 

 

 

Mill Creek Entertainment Tabs Apr. 20 As The Blu-ray Debut Date For Dave Chappelle's Block Party

Mill Creek Entertainment has locked into Apr. 20 as the street date for the Blu-ray debut of documentary filmmaker Michel Gondry’s 2006 film release of Dave Chappelle’s Block Party.

Three-time Emmy-winner Dave Chappelle teamed up with Oscar-winner Michel Gondry (Best Original Screenplay for Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind) to document his 2005 comedy and music-themed road trip from Dayton, Ohio to Brooklyn, New York during the summer of 2005.  

Some might call it a stunt, which is OK, since publicity stunts are part of the game.   Others might call it a one-stop “tour” … a concert, a performance; performance art.   Whatever the description that best fits the narrative really doesn’t matter, Dave Chappelle’s Block Part is just pure entertainment … and a very good time was had by all.

What we have is a blend of Chappelle doing stand-up comedy, coupled with him rounding up talent and fans for the impromptu gathering and then putting on a lively concert (soundtrack), or block party, that includes the likes of Kanye West (“Two Words,” “Get ‘em High”), Cody ChesnuTT (“King of the Game”), Talib Kweli teaming up with Common for “Move Something” and even Dave Chappelle joined in with renditions of “Misty” and “Round Midnight.”

Others performing include Fugees, Wyclef Jean, Big Daddy Kane and more.

This Blu-ray debut from Mill Creek Entertainment on Apr. 20 features extended music acts and two featurettes — “Ohio Players: The Bus Ride” and “September in Brooklyn: The Making of Block Party.” 

 

 

 

 

Full Moon Features Prepares DVD And Blu-ray Debut Of Director Pierre Chevalier's House Of Cruel Dolls For Apr. 13 Delivery

Full Moon Features, with sales and distribution expertise provided by MVD Entertainment Group, has targeted Apr. 13 as the street date for both DVD and Blu-ray editions of director Pierre Chevalier’s ultra-rare sexploitation thriller, House of Cruel Dolls.

While most of the major “Hollywood” studios struggle on without their chief revenue generating new theatrical hits, the indies labels seem to have stepped up their game with the unearthing of rare cinematic treats.   Not a week goes by that something new is announced.   This latest addition to Full Moon’s “Eurocine Collection” is a case in point.

House of Cruel Dolls, or La Maison des Filles Perdues, which literally translates out to “The House of Lost Girls,” was released in France in the summer of 1974 as a mixed spy thriller and out-and-out sexploitation tale (long suspected of mixing bits and pieces from other films to create a narrative for the more salacious elements).  

You have to understand the period in which House of Cruel Dolls was filmed and released.   In 1972, Deep Throat brought the world of adult cinema into the mainstream, but still filmmakers who sought to exploit this, were also concerned of running afoul of the law in this country or that. 

The thought was that you could push the envelope in terms of graphic sexual content by blending in a dramatic narrative that justified the “real” audience-drawing elements.  In other words, audiences didn’t come to see what secret agent Marc Roberts (Jack Taylor — Dr. Jekyll vs. The Werewolf, Female Vampire, The Mummy's Revenge), in footage lifted from director Gian Paolo Callegari’s 1967 film Agente Sigma 3 - Missione Goldwather, was up to.  Rather, they came to see (that should read: SEE) lovely young women — without their clothes on — trying their best to survive in desperate situations.

These women in distress — kidnapped and used by sex ring operators — include the likes of Sandra Julien (The Shiver of the Vampires, Nada) and Magda Mundari (The Adulteress, The Infamous House of Madame X).   They are in peril, they are naked, and from time-to-time filmmaker Pierre Chevalier cuts away to the random actions of agent Roberts to justify the existence of the film … which is, of course, an important story about women being exploited as sex slaves and the actions by authorities to stop it (wink wink, nod nod).

Full Moon Features has unearthed the uncut English-dubbed negative and will be bringing House of Cruel Dolls to the domestic market for the first time on Apr. 13 as both DVD and Blu-ray product offerings.

 

 

 

 

 

Dark Force Entertainment Targets May 25 As The Street For A Blu-ray Edition Of Director Ferdinando Baldi's Terror Express

Dark Force Entertainment, with sales and distribution support provided by MVD Entertainment Group, has a newly remastered edition of director Ferdinando Baldi’s 1980 death-on-rails thriller, Terror Express, ready for a Blu-ray release on May 25.

This train trip turns out to be an E-ticket ride of violence and sexual assaults as the unsuspecting passengers (in standard horror parlance, they are the “victim pool”) gather for their leisurely train trip aboard the fancy sleeping car express (a stand-in for the remote cabin; the haunted house … the spooky mansion, you know the drill), only to find that a trio of thugs, who just want to have a little fun, end up taking over and launch their own special brand of terror.  

David (Werner Pochath — Laser Mission, Magnum Cop, The Shark Hunter) and his two buddies, Elio/Ernie (Carlo de Mejo — The Outside Man, Contamination) and Phil (Fausto Lombardi — Don't Look in the Attic, Rats: Night of Terror), start off being obnoxious, no, make that really obnoxious.  When they get little push-back, they escalate their shenanigans and finally set their sights on the resident hooker, Giulia/Juliet (Silvia Dionisio — Blood for Dracula, Wave of Lust), but when she says no and her pimp, the conductor, puts up a stink, they just take over!  

Let the terror begin … sex, violence, more sex, more violence, and in some cases, the “victims” are just as despicable as David and his buddies.   Also on the train is a prisoner, Pierre/Peter (Gianluigi Chirizzi — The Nun and the Devil), who is handcuffed and being escorted by an armed cop (a handy weapon for David and friends) … he, of course, will become a wild card on this train-ride to hell.

Bonus features include the featurette titled “Tails from the Rails.”

 

New DVD • Blu-ray • 4K Ultra HD Activity For The Period Ending February 12, 2021

 

 

New DVD Additions:

 

Acid Bath Productions (MOD)

02/09/21 — Released Trailers of James Balsamo

 

Acorn Media

02/09/21 — Released Other One: Series 1

 

Adult Source Media

02/09/21 — Released When Girls Play

 

Alpha Video (MOD)

02/09/21 — Released Dude Ranger, Mundo Depravados /Girl in Trouble, Sea Beast (silent-1925), Sergeant Preston of the Yukon, Volume 3, Silent Western Double Feature (2 film set: Martyrs of the Alamo (1915) / The Spoilers (1914)) and WW2 Documentary Double Feature (2 film set: To the Shores of Iwo Jima, Squadron 992)

 

BBC Home Entertainment (MOD)

02/09/21 — Released Bluey: Season One - The Second Half

 

Bayview Entertainment

04/13/21 — Sets 30 Minutes to Fitness: Boxfit With Kelly Coffey-Meyer, 30 Minutes To Fitness: Super Sculpt With Kelly Coffey-Meyer, Blondie Maxwell Never Loses (French) and Grey Eyes (Spanish)

 

Bridgestone Multimedia

02/09/21 — Released Destiny Road, Our Father's Keeper, Run and Tetelestai: The Complete Series (2 disc set)

 

Bridgestone Multimedia (MOD)

02/09/21 — Released Timbertown

 

CMI Education/PESI Publishing

02/09/21 — Released Clinical Practice Guidelines for Covid-19 Rehab Management, Emotional Techniques (EFT) & Tapping: Evidence-Based Clinical Practice to Release Physical and Emotional Pain, Grief in the DSM-5: The Most Recent Diagnostic Guidelines and Legal and Ethical Issues in Behavioral Health in Wisconsin

 

Championship Productions

02/09/21 — Released Feed the Cats: Theory for Football, NABC On the Court Open Practice with Dave Paulsen: Skill Development + Practice Drills for Offense & Defense, NABC On the Court Open Practice with Kelvin Sampson: Transition Offense & Defense + Opponent Prep and NABC On the Court Open Practice with Rob Krimmel: Situational Work & Game-Like Shooting Drills

 

Cinedigm Entertainment (MOD)

02/02/21 — Released 100 Days to Live and Miracle on Highway 34

02/09/21 — Released Expiry and X

 

Criterion Collection

05/04/21 — Sets Trances (Arabic)

05/11/21 — Sets Fast Times at Ridgemont High (2 disc set) and Merrily We Go to Hell

05/18/21 — Sets Flowers to Shanghai (Cantonese)

05/25/21 — Sets Nightmare Alley

 

DVD Treasures (MOD)

02/02/21 — Released Funny Valentines and Laurel Avenue

02/09/21 — Released Real World: Las Vegas Reunited – 2007 and Real World: Season 19 (4 disc set)

 

DreamScape Media, LLC

02/09/21 — Released Beavers, Black Gold Rush A New American Dream, Dog's Best Friend: Season 1 Volume 1, Dog's Best Friend: Season 1 Volume 2, Dog's Best Friend: Season 2 Volume 1, Dog's Best Friend: Season 2 Volume 2, Dog's Best Friend: Season 2 Volume 3, Mystic India and Yellowstone

 

Dynamic

02/09/21 — Released Franco Alfano: Risurrezione

 

EWTN

02/02/21 — Released Women of Grace: Smiting the Serpent with the Queen of Victory

02/09/21 — Released @ Home with Jim & Joy: Fr. Cedric Pisegna / finding solutions to real life issues through trust in God and cooperation with grace, @ Home with Jim & Joy: Jim and Joy Pinto Answer Viewer Calls, Questions, And E-Mails Live From the Pinto House, Called to Communion, EWTN Live: Fr. John Trigilio and Fr. Ken Brighenti / Web of Faith 2.0, Women of Grace: Annunciation: Mary's Fiat and World Over with Raymond Navarro

 

Elvis DVD Collector & Movie Store (MOD)

02/09/21 — Released Angels' Wild Women, Big Switch, Kitten with a Whip and No Blade of Grass

 

First Run Features

02/09/21 — Released You Go to My Head (ARR of 361 days; box office: $10,652)

 

Full Moon Entertainment

03/16/21 — Sets Corona Zombies and Night of the Eagles

04/13/21 — Sets Shrunken Heads: Remastered

 

Grapevine Video (MOD)

02/09/21 — Released Innocence of Ruth (silent-1916), Mickey (silent-1918) and Warning Shadows (silent-1923)

 

Gravitas Ventures (MOD)

02/09/21 — Released before / during / after, Hal King, Meltdown, Necropath, Song for Our People and Wetware

 

Greenwich Entertainment

02/09/21 — Released Billie

 

Gunpowder & Sky (MOD)

02/09/21 — Released Devil in My Ride

 

Hallmark Channel

02/09/21 — Released Aurora Teagarden: 6-Movie Collection (6 film set: A Bone to Pick, Real Murders, Three Bedrooms, One Corpse, The Julius House, Dead Over Heels, A Bundle of Trouble) (2 disc set), Harvest Love and Love Takes Flight

 

I-Cine

02/02/21 — Released Chieu Nghieng (11 disc set) and Khoang Cach Tinh Yeu (10 disc set)

 

Icarus Films

03/09/21 — Sets Markie in Milwaukee

 

Image Entertainment

02/09/21 — Released Idiomatic: Series Two (2 disc set)

 

IndiePix

02/09/21 — Released Ambushed (Zulu), Entre Nos (Spanish), Faceless Man (Zulu) and Run for Your Life

 

Just for the Hell of It (MOD)

02/09/21 — Illuminati Double Feature (2 film set: Superman Donuyor, Demir Yumruk: Devler Geliyor) (Turkish), Double Feature (2 film set: The Black Connection, Speeding Up Time), Double Feature (2 film set: The Man Who saw Tomorrow, Mystic Prophecies and Nostradamus)Emanuelle and Joanna and Kilink Triple Feature (3 film set: Kilink in Istanbul, Kilink vs The Flying Man, Kilink: Strip & Kill) (Turkish) (2 disc set)

 

Kino Lorber

02/09/21 — Released Jazz on a Summer's Day, Man of the East and Suspect

 

Lionsgate Home Entertainment

02/09/21 — Released Monster Zone and Right One

 

MVD Entertainment Group

05/11/21 — Sets Drive: Director's Cut

 

PBS Direct

02/09/20 — Released All Creatures Great & Small: Season One (2 disc set), Daniel Tiger's Neighborhood: Tigertastic 50 Pack (3 disc set), Hero Elementary: Sparks' Crew Pet Rescue! and Mister Rogers' Neighborhood: Mister Rogers Meets New Friends Collection (4 disc set)

 

Rarefilmsandmore.com (MOD)

02/02/21 — Released Smiling Madam (silent-1923)/Whirlpool of Fate (silent-1925)

02/09/21 — Released Ashes of Vengeance (silent-1923), Der Student von Prag (silent-1926), Faithful Heart, My Song Goes Round the World and Policeman (silent-1933)

 

Reality Entertainment

02/09/21 — Released Alien Ancestors: The Gods of Man, Alien Worlds: Giants and Hybrids and Architecture of Oppression: Slave Planet Earth

 

Ruthless Films, LLC (MOD)

02/09/21 — Illuminati, Moon Landing Conspiracy, Murder Hornets Vs. Killer Bees and Secret Societies

 

SBTN

02/09/21 — Released Nhung Ngay Xua Than Ai

 

SRS Cinema

02/09/21 — Released Deathbone and Idol (Japanese)

 

Shout! Factory

02/09/21 — Released MLB: 2020 World Series Champions - Los Angeles Dodgers (8 disc set)

 

Silent Hall of Fame (MOD)

01/26/21 — Illuminati Confessions of a Queen (silent-1924), D.W. Griffith Rare Shorts, Volume 2 (8 silent short films: The Slave (1909), Faded Lilies (1909), The Cardinal's Conspiracy (1909), His Duty (1909), Two Memories (1909), The Last Deal (1910), The Oath and the Man (1910), Sunshine Sue (1910)) and D.W. Griffith Rare Shorts, Volume 3 (6 silent short films: Rose O'Salem Town (1910), The Fugitive (1910), The House with Closed Shutters (1910), The Message of the Violin (1910), The Lesson (1910), Winning Back His Love (1910))

02/09/21 — Released D.W. Griffith Rare Shorts, Volume 4 (7 silent short films: The Golden Supper (1910), The Two Paths (1911), Fate's Turning (1911), His Trust (1911), His Trust Fulfilled (1911), What Shall We Do with Our Old? (1911), Heart Beats of Long Ago (1911))

 

Smart Mark Video (MOD)

02/09/21 — Released F1rst Wrestling: The Return 2020 - St. Paul, MN, H2O Wrestling: No Pity for the Weak – Williamstown, NJ, H2O Wrestling: You Shouldn't Done That – Williamstown, NJ, Insane Championship Wrestling: Pit Figher X4 - Tampa, FL, IWA Mid-South: Double Jeopardy 2021 - Jeffersonville, IN and Insane Championship Wrestling: No Holds Barred, Volume 8 - Fort Richey, FL

 

Sony Pictures Home Ent.

03/0221 — Sets Monster Hunter (ARR of 74 days; box office: $11,882,621)

 

Soundview Media Partners, LLC

02/09/21 — Released American Heretics and Bondage

 

Summer Hill Films

02/09/21 — Released Proper Binge

 

Synapse - Impulse

02/09/21 — Released Zoom Up: Murder Site (Japanese)

 

The High School Sports Network (MOD)

02/02/21 — Released 2021 GHSA 1A-3A Boys Swimming Championship - Atlanta, GA and 2021 GHSA 6A Girls Swimming Championship - Atlanta, GA

02/09/21 — Released 2021 GHSA 7A Boys Swimming Championship - Atlanta, GA, 2021 GHSA 7A Girls Swimming Championship - Atlanta, GA, 2021 MHSAA 1A-3A Boys Soccer Championship: St. Andrews vs Clarkdale - Madison, MS, 2021 MHSAA 1A-3A Girls Soccer Championship: St. Andrews vs St. Patricks - Madison, MS,  2021 MHSAA 4A Boys Soccer Championship: Ripley vs St. Stanislaus - Brandon, MS, 2021 MHSAA 4A Girls Soccer Championship - Brandon MS, 2021 MHSAA 5A Boys Soccer Championship: Central Hill vs Long Beach - Madison, MS, 2021 MHSAA 5A Girls Soccer Championship: Lafayette vs East Central - Madison, MS, 2021 MHSAA 6A Boys Soccer Championship: Madison Central vs Brandon - Brandon, MS and 2021 MHSAA 6A Girls Soccer Championship: Madison Central vs Gulfport - Brandon, MS

 

The Video Beat (MOD)

02/09/21 — Released Purple Haze

 

Universal Pictures Home Ent.

02/09/21 — Released Courting Mom and Dad

 

Vision Films (MOD)

02/09/21 — Released About Hope (ARR of 18 days; box office: $10,814)

 

WWE

02/09/21 — Released WWE: TLC: Tables, Ladders and Chairs 2020 (2 disc set)

 

Warner Bros. Home Ent.

03/30/21 — Sets Wonder Woman 1984 (ARR of 95 days; box office: $39,200,000)

 

Wild Eye Releasing

02/09/21 — Released Constraint and Sacrificial

 

WOWNow Entertainment

02/09/21 — Released Bonksters Gross Science: Burps and Other Gross Noise, Easter Dance: Do Giraffes Lay Eggs?, Fast And Furry, Horseplay: The History of Horse Riding and Saint Patrick's Big Dance

 

Zeus DVDs (MOD)

02/02/21 — Released First Monday, Francis in the Navy, Frost on Sunday, Girlfriends and Happy Landing

02/09/21 — Released Ali Baba Goes to Town, Bloodhounds of Broadway, Heavenly Music, High Chaparral, Holiday Inn, I Married a Witch, Impasse, Jack and the Beanstalk, Jane Eyre, Killer Diller, Maiden Voyage, Mickey One and Mr. Imperium

 

 

New Blu-ray Additions:

 

Arrow Video

04/06/21 — Sets Death has Blue Eyes

 

ClassicTVShop (MOD)

02/02/21 — Released ElectraWoman and DynaGirl: Complete Series

 

Code Red Entertainment

02/09/21 — Released Devil Times Five and Devil’s Express

 

Criterion Collection

05/04/21 — Sets Trances (Arabic)

05/11/21 — Sets Fast Times at Ridgemont High and Merrily We Go to Hell

05/18/21 — Sets Flowers to Shanghai (Cantonese)

05/25/21 — Sets Nightmare Alley

 

Cult Epics

02/09/21 — Released Madame Claude (French)

 

Dark Force Entertainment

02/09/21 — Released Drive-In Double Feature #10 (2 film set: The Black Dragon, Enforcer from Death Row)

 

Dynamic

02/09/21 — Released Franco Alfano: Risurrezione

 

Fred the Blu-ray Dog (MOD)

02/02/21 — Released Shin Chan: The Complete Series (3 disc set) and Tak and the Power of JuJu: The Complete Series

02/09/21 — Released Baki: Season 3 - The Great Raitai Tournament Saga, Boys: Season 1, Boys: Season 2, California Dreams: The Complete Series (3 disc set), Capitani: Season One, Chi: Season 1, Chi: Season 2, Dark Crystal: The Age of Resistance, Dragon Prince: Seasons 1-3, Five Came Back: The Reference Films, Lone Gunmen: The Complete Series, Power Rangers: Ninja Steel, Power Rangers: Super Ninja Steel, SD Gundam Force: The Complete Series (2 disc set) and Who's the Boss?: The Complete Series (4 disc set)

 

Filmbandit Productions

02/09/21 — Released Man from Nowhere

 

Full Moon Entertainment

03/16/21 — Sets Night of the Eagles

04/13/21 — Sets Shrunken Heads: Remastered

 

Grapevine Video (MOD)

02/09/21 — Released Innocence of Ruth (silent-1916), Mickey (silent-1918) and Warning Shadows (silent-1923)

 

Grasshopper Film

02/09/21 — Released Hill of Freedom (Korean/Japanese)

 

Gravitas Ventures (MOD)

02/09/21 — Released before / during / after, Hal King, Meltdown, Necropath, Song for Our People and Wetware

 

Kino Lorber

02/09/21 — Released Double Feature (2 film set: Man from Del Rio, The Ride Back), Hills Run Red, Jazz on a Summer's Day, Man of the East, So Evil My Love, Suspect and Wings of the Hawk 3-D

03/16/21 — Sets In God We Trust and Last Remake of Beau Geste

 

Lionsgate Home Entertainment

02/09/21 — Released Right One (with Digital Copy) and Wander Darkly

 

MVD Entertainment Group

05/11/21 — Sets Drive: Special Collector's Edition

 

Mill Creek Entertainment

04/13/21 — Sets Finding Forrester

 

Monsterland Media (MOD)

02/09/21 — Released WWF: Monday Night Raw - 1998 (14 disc set)

 

Naxos

02/09/21 — Released Baltikum and Francesco Cavalli: Ercole Amante

 

PBS Direct

02/09/21 — Released All Creatures Great & Small: Season One (2 disc set)

 

Paramount Home Media

03/30/21 — Sets Bad News Bears (with Digital Copy)

 

SBTN

02/09/21 — Released Nhung Ngay Xua Than Ai

 

Screenbound International

02/09/21 — Released Mary Millington Movie Collection (7 film set: Come Play with Me (1977), The Playbirds (1978), Confessions from the David Galaxy Affair (1979), Queen of the Blues (1979), Mary Millington s True Blue Confessions (1980), Mary Millington s World Striptease Extravaganza (1981), Respectable: The Mary Millington Story (2015)) (5 disc set)

 

Sentai Filmworks

02/09/21 — Released Majestic Prince: Genetic Awakening

 

Shout! Factory

02/09/21 — Released MLB: 2020 World Series Champions - Los Angeles Dodgers (8 disc set), My Bloody Valentine (2 disc set) and Sputnik (Russian)

 

Smart Mark Video (MOD)

02/09/21 — Released F1rst Wrestling: The Return 2020 - St. Paul, MN, Insane Championship Wrestling: Pit Figher X4 - Tampa, FL and Insane Championship Wrestling: No Holds Barred, Volume 8 - Fort Richey, FL

 

Sony Pictures Home Ent.

03/0221 — Sets Monster Hunter (with Digital Copy)

 

Synapse Films – Impulse Pictures

02/09/21 — Released Zoom Up: Murder Site (Japanese)

 

Universal Pictures Home Ent.

02/09/21 — Released Greenland (Blu-ray/DVD Combo Pack) (with Digital Copy)

 

VCI Entertainment

05/11/21 — Sets Puzzle (Blu-ray/DVD Combo Pack)

 

Walt Disney Studios Home Ent.

03/23/21 — Sets Soul (Blu-ray/DVD Combo Pack) (with Digital Copy)

 

Warner Bros. Home Ent.

03/30/21 — Sets Wonder Woman 1984 (Blu-ray/DVD Combo Pack) (with Digital Copy)

 

Warner Bros. Home Ent. (MOD)

03/09/21 — Sets Great Caruso

03/16/21 — Sets Crossfire

03/30/21 — Sets Bermuda Depths and Isle of the Dead

 

 

 

New 4K Ultra HD Additions:

Walt Disney Studios Home Ent.

03/23/21 — Sets Soul (4K Ultra HD/Blu-ray Combo Pack) (with Digital Copy)

 

Warner Bros. Home Ent.

03/30/21 — Sets Wonder Woman 1984 (4K Ultra HD/Blu-ray Combo Pack) (with Digital Copy)